2026-06-09T20:23:27+02:00 https://library.wur.nl/oai

oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/408101 2026-04-02

urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-408101 2026-04-02 urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-408101/mods Lignin based controlled release coatings Mulder W.J. 31461723X 0000000387595264 aut Gosselink R.J.A. 314614117 0000-0001-7733-6109 0000000394890165 aut Vingerhoeds M.H. 145070042 0000-0003-3174-067X 0000000396156570 aut Harmsen P.F.H. 314614508 0000-0001-6142-1050 000000039463142X aut Eastham D. aut text info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.011 2-s2.0-79959289321 000293320100017 en Urea is a commonly used fertilizer. Due to its high water-solubility, misuse easily leads to excess nitrogen levels in the soil. The aim of this research was to develop an economically feasible and biodegradable slow-release coating for urea. For this purpose, lignin was selected as coating material. From four commercially available lignins, two lignosulfonates (Wafex P and Borresperce), a softwood kraft (Indulin AT) and soda flax lignin (Bioplast), the latter showed the best potential with respect to film forming properties. Bioplast dispersions up to a dry matter content of 50% are processable. However, high losses during processing resulted in thin coating layers on the urea granules. To reduce urea release, hydrophobic compounds and crosslinkers were added to the Bioplast dispersions. Addition of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) significantly decreased the release of urea in water. However, complete release of urea still occurred within one hour, which can be explained by a low reactivity of the selected compounds towards lignin, too low percentages of applied coating or negative effects of the selected compounds on the film forming process. In addition, urea partly dissolves in the aqueous lignin dispersions due to its high water-solubility. This causes incorporation of urea in the lignin layer, which results in coatings with a low water resistance. This was improved by application of an inner coating layer with high dry matter content. In conclusion, lignin shows high potential as coating material. For industrial application, more insight in the film forming properties is desired. Consumer Science & Intelligent Systems FBR BP Biorefinery & Natural Fibre Technology fertilizer formulations kraft lignin polymers slow-release sorghum urea Consumer Science & Intelligent Systems FBR BP Biorefinery & Natural Fibre Technology Industrial Crops and Products 34 1 915 920 09266690 urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-408101/obj 2026-04-02 http://purl.org/eprint/accessRights/RestrictedAccess