2026-06-09T09:43:34+02:00 https://library.wur.nl/oai

oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/410094 2026-03-31

urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-410094 2026-03-31 urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-410094/mods Intensive dairy production systems in an urban landscape, the Dutch situation Vellinga Th.V. 07487781X 0000-0002-0784-1318 0000000389587284 aut Bannink A. 120351153 0000-0001-9916-3202 0000000398007085 aut Smits M.C.J. 114316503 0000000047618677 aut van den Pol A. 167209779 0000000368108010 aut Pinxterhuis J.B. 208117458 0000-0003-3696-2909 0000000140962958 aut text info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.010 2-s2.0-79957981776 000292443100013 en Dairy production in the Netherlands is characterized by high stocking densities, high inputs of chemical fertilizer and concentrates and is facing multiple challenges on environment, landscape and welfare issues. This review focuses on nitrate, ammonia and methane emissions, and grazing. Emission reductions from dairy farms over the last twenty years have been realized by a combination of fundamental and applied research and active participation by farmers. An overview of participatory projects in the dairy sector is given. Although emissions of nitrate, ammonia and methane have been reduced in the period 1990–2010, strict environmental targets still have not been met and landscape and animal welfare issues present additional emerging challenges. Fundamental changes in dairy production systems might be needed, and the focus of participatory projects should shift from adjusting existing systems towards the exploration of new production systems. WIAS Wageningen Livestock Research LR - Environment Research ammonia emission feed characteristics grassland management greenhouse-gas emissions land-use methane production nitrogen-fertilizer rumen fermentation ruminant livestock systems urinary urea concentration WIAS Wageningen Livestock Research LR - Milieu Onderzoek Livestock Science 139 1-2 122 134 18711413 urn:nbn:nl:ui:32-410094/obj 2026-03-31 http://purl.org/eprint/accessRights/RestrictedAccess