Principles of organic agriculture as formulated by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements

Abstract

To address globalization challenges, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
(IFOAM) articulated the principles of organic agriculture through a worldwide participatory stakeholder
process. The process aimed to bridge the values from the pioneers of organic agriculture to the present
time of globalization and to extended growth of the organic sector. As a result the principles of health,
ecology, fairness and care are now worldwide considered as the basis from which organic agriculture
grows and develops. IFOAM institutionalized these four principles in its own work, for example in the
revision of the Organic Guarantee System. The four principles offer a perspective on how to deal with
the challenges of globalization. A response to these challenges seems to be to extend and further detail
the standards so that, for instance, externalities can be included. However, stricter standards may not do
justice to the principle of fairness, as they potentially undermine fair access to markets. Ideal would be
a situation in which a balance between the principles and standards can be realized.